Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Each section, with the Evidence Act section it replaced.
BSA 1 Short title, application and commencementBSA 2 DefinitionsBSA 3 Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant factsBSA 4 Relevancy of facts forming part of same transactionBSA 5 Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue or relevant factsBSA 6 Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conductBSA 7 Facts necessary to explain or introduce fact in issue or relevant factsBSA 8 Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common designBSA 9 When facts not otherwise relevant become relevantBSA 10 Facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant in suits for damagesBSA 11 Facts relevant when right or custom is in questionBSA 12 Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feelingBSA 13 Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentionalBSA 14 Existence of course of business when relevantBSA 15 Admission definedBSA 16 Admission by party to proceeding or his agentBSA 17 Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suitBSA 18 Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suitBSA 19 Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalfBSA 20 When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevantBSA 21 Admissions in civil cases when relevantBSA 22 Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion orBSA 23 Confession to police officerBSA 24 Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offenceBSA 25 Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estopBSA 26 Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevantBSA 27 Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, truth of facts therein statedBSA 28 Entries in books of account when relevantBSA 29 Relevancy of entry in public record or an electronic record made in performance of dutyBSA 30 Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plansBSA 31 Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature contained in certain Acts or notificationsBSA 32 Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law books including electronic or digital formBSA 33 What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papersBSA 34 Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trialBSA 35 Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdictionBSA 36 Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section 35BSA 38 Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be provedBSA 39 Opinions of expertsBSA 40 Facts bearing upon opinions of expertsBSA 41 Opinion as to handwriting and signature, when relevantBSA 42 Opinion as to existence of general custom or right, when relevantBSA 43 Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevantBSA 44 Opinion on relationship, when relevantBSA 45 Grounds of opinion, when relevantBSA 46 In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevantBSA 47 In criminal cases previous good character relevantBSA 48 Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain casesBSA 49 Previous bad character not relevant, except in replyBSA 50 Character as affecting damagesBSA 51 Fact judicially noticeable need not be provedBSA 52 Facts of which Court shall take judicial noticeBSA 53 Facts admitted need not be provedBSA 54 Proof of facts by oral evidenceBSA 55 Oral evidence to be directBSA 56 Proof of contents of documentsBSA 57 Primary evidenceBSA 58 Secondary evidenceBSA 59 Proof of documents by primary evidenceBSA 60 Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be givenBSA 61 Electronic or digital recordBSA 62 Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic recordBSA 63 Admissibility of electronic recordsBSA 64 Rules as to notice to produceBSA 65 Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document producedBSA 66 Proof as to electronic signatureBSA 67 Proof of execution of document required by law to be attestedBSA 68 Proof where no attesting witness foundBSA 69 Admission of execution by party to attested documentBSA 70 Proof when attesting witness denies the executionBSA 71 Proof of document not required by law to be attestedBSA 72 Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or provedBSA 73 Proof as to verification of digital signatureBSA 74 Private documentsBSA 75 Certified copies of public documentsBSA 76 Proof of documents by production of certified copiesBSA 77 Proof of other official documentsBSA 78 Presumption as to genuineness of certified copiesBSA 79 Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence, etcBSA 80 Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, and other documentsBSA 81 Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic or digital recordBSA 82 Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of GovernmentBSA 83 Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisionsBSA 84 Presumption as to powers-of- attorneyBSA 85 Presumption as to electronic agreementsBSA 86 Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signaturesBSA 87 Presumption as to Electronic Signature CertificatesBSA 88 Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial recordsBSA 89 Presumption as to books, maps and chartsBSA 90 Presumption as to electronic messagesBSA 91 Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not producedBSA 92 Presumption as to documents thirty years oldBSA 93 Presumption as to electronic records five years oldBSA 94 Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions reduced to form of documentBSA 95 Exclusion of evidence of oral agreementBSA 96 Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous documentBSA 97 Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing factsBSA 98 Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing factsBSA 99 Evidence as to application of language to one only of several personsBSA 100 Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of factsBSA 101 Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etcBSA 102 Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of documentBSA 103 Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to WillsBSA 104 Burden of proofBSA 105 On whom burden of proof liesBSA 106 Burden of proof as to particular factBSA 107 Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissibleBSA 108 Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptionsBSA 109 Burden of proving fact especially within knowledgeBSA 110 Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty yearsBSA 111 Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven yearsBSA 112 Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agentBSA 113 Burden of proof as to ownershipBSA 114 Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidenceBSA 115 Presumption as to certain offencesBSA 116 Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacyBSA 117 Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married womanBSA 118 Presumption as to dowry deathBSA 119 Court may presume existence of certain factsBSA 120 Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rapeBSA 121 EstoppelBSA 122 Estoppel of tenants and of licensee of person in possessionBSA 123 Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licenseeBSA 124 Who may testifyBSA 125 Witness unable to communicate verballyBSA 126 Competency of husband and wife as witnesses in certain casesBSA 127 Judges and MagistratesBSA 128 Communications during marriageBSA 129 Evidence as to affairs of StateBSA 130 Official communicationsBSA 131 Information as to commission of offencesBSA 132 Professional communicationsBSA 133 Privilege not waived by volunteering evidenceBSA 134 Confidential communication with legal advisersBSA 135 Production of title-deeds of witness not a partyBSA 136 Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession, would refuse to produceBSA 137 Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminateBSA 138 AccompliceBSA 139 Number of witnessesBSA 140 Order of production and examination of witnessesBSA 141 Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidenceBSA 142 Examination of witnessesBSA 143 Order of examinationsBSA 144 Cross-examination of person called to produce a documentBSA 145 Witnesses to characterBSA 146 Leading questionsBSA 147 Evidence as to matters in writingBSA 148 Cross-examination as to previous statements in writingBSA 150 When witness to be compelled to answerBSA 151 Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answerBSA 152 Question not to be asked without reasonable groundsBSA 153 Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable groundsBSA 154 Indecent and scandalous questionsBSA 155 Questions intended to insult or annoyBSA 156 Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracityBSA 157 Question by party to his own witnessBSA 158 Impeaching credit of witnessBSA 159 Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissibleBSA 160 Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same factBSA 161 What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 26 or 27BSA 162 Refreshing memoryBSA 163 Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 162BSA 164 Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memoryBSA 165 Production of documentsBSA 166 Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on noticeBSA 167 Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on noticeBSA 168 Judge's power to put questions or order productionBSA 169 No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidenceBSA 170 Repeal and savings