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Evidence Act Section 13 in BSA: Section 11

Facts relevant when right or custom is in question

Section 13 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Facts relevant when right or custom is in question) corresponds to Section 11 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, in force from 1 July 2024.

Text of BSA Section 11

11. Where the question is as to the existence of any right or custom, the following facts are relevant—

(a) any transaction by which the right or custom in question was created, claimed, modified, recognised, asserted or denied, or which was inconsistent with its existence;

(b) particular instances in which the right or custom was claimed, recognised or exercised, or in which its exercise was disputed, asserted or departed from.

Illustration.

The question is, whether A has a right to a fishery. A deed conferring the fishery on A's ancestors, a mortgage of the fishery by A's father, a subsequent grant of the fishery by A's father, irreconcilable with the mortgage, particular instances in which A's father exercised the right, or in which the exercise of the right was stopped by A's neighbours, are relevant facts.

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