PETITIONER:
WEST BENGAL HOUSING BOARD
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
BHANWAR LAL MUNDHRA & ORS.
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 09/07/1997
BENCH:
K. RAMASWAMY, D.P. WADHWA
ACT
HEADNOTE
JUDGMENT
JUDGMENTD.P. Wadhwa, J.
Special leave orented.
This appeal is directed against the judgment dated June 7, 1996 of a Division Bench of the Calcutta High Court, which judgment was passed in appeal against the judgmentdated April 18. 1994 of the learned Single Jundge allowing the writ petition of the first respondent.; Thiswas however the second round of litigation between the parties.
The first respondent who was the petitioner sought caushing of the arlier order dated December 21. 1981 passed by the Collector and Additional Distric Magistrae, Highly under Section 3(1) of the West Bengal Land (Recuisition and Acquisition) Act, 1948 (for short the Act) requesitioning 0.63 acres of land of that patitioner bearing plot No. 1790 Mouza Monoharour. J.L. No. 98 in the district of Hooghly. In terms of this order the possession of the land was taken over on January 7. 1982. As a matter of fact hte order of requisition pertained to 21.41 acres of land of various plot numbers which included the plot of the petitioner. The report of the process server shows that the notice requisitioning the land was served by means of affixation with seal and the sionatures of witnesses, by going to the places mentioned int he orer requisitioning the land. The petitioner filed the writ petition in the Calcutta High Court challenging the order of requisition dated December 21 1981 on the ground that sussession of the land was taken over without the service of the order on him which was the mandetory requirement of law. By judgment dated February 23, 1983, the learned Judge of the High Court disposed of the writ petition with the following order:
"In this writ application one of th
egrievances of the writ petitioner
is that though he is the owner of
the plot in question, the
respondents are trying to take
possession of those lands in
purported exercise of their powers
under Section 3(1) of the West
Bengal land (Requisition and
Acquisition) Act, 1948 without
serving him with a notice of
controverting the above
contentionof thepetitioner the
respondents assert that the notice
has duly been served upon the
recorded owner and is the
petitioner was not the recorded
owner he waws not served with any
notice. It however, appears that
by a registered deal dated November
7, 1965 the petitioner purchased
the plot in question from the
reconded owner and as such the
petitioner is entitled to a
statutory notice under the Act. In
such circumstances. I f\direct the
respondents to serve a copy of the
notice of requisition upon the
petitioner and thereafter proceed
in accordance with law. Let status
quo in respect of theplot in
question in respect of theplot in
question in respect of the plot in
question be maintained till such
service of notice. Let it be
recorded that I have not decided
any of the other points raised by
the parties in support of their
respective contentions. Let is
also be recorded that such service
of notice will not ipso facts give
any right to the petitioner to
calim any compensation if the land
is subsequently accuired.
Since the court directed maintenance of status quo possession of the land remained with the State.
The order of requisitioning was again seved on the petitioner by the order dated February 25, 1983 on said to hav ebeen received by thepetitioner on March 24, 1983, On April 5. 1983 the petitioner again filed another writ petition (C.R. No. 3210 (W) of 1983) in the Calcutta Hihg Court challenging the order of requisition on three grounds, namely that (i) no notice was served prior to taking over she possession of the land in question. (ii) that there was a total non application of mind on the part of the Collector in issuing the requisitioning notice and (iii) the purpose. This writ petition was disposed of by judgment dated April 18, 1994 of the learned Single Judge, as noted above, holding that no notice was served on the petitioner before taking over the possession of the land in question and that there was no application of mind on the part of the Collector in issuing the order requisiioning the land that the purpose for which the equisition was made was not a public purpose.
In the meanwhile, however, by gazettee notification dated June 6, 1985 published on June 12, 1985 in the Calcutta gazette ortraordinary issued under SEctor 4 of the Act the State Government acquired all thelands including that of the petitioner which was subject matter of requisition. The appellant West Bengal Housing Board filed an appeal before the Division Bench of Calcutta High Court against the judgment dated April 18, 1994 of the learned singes Judge. This appeal was dismissed by the impugned judgment dated June 7, 1996 on the limited ground that the order requisitioning the land was not served upon the petitioner before taking over the possession which was mandatory required under Section 3 of Act. It would appear the Division Bench did not consider other two grounds on which writ petition had been allowed by the learned single Judge.
We may at this stage set out the relevant provisions of law and the operative portion of the orders requisitioning and then acquiring the land.
Section 3 of the Act reads as under:
"Power to requisition; (1) If the
State Government is of the opinion
that it is necessary so to do for
maintaining supplied and services
assential to the life of the
community (or for increasing
employmers tunities for the people
by astablishing commercial estates
and industrial) estates in
dirrerent areas) or for providing
proper faciliteis for transport,
communication, irrigation or
cranagu, or for the creation of
better licing conditions in rural
or urar, areas, not being an
indusrail or other areas excluded
by the State Government by a
notification in this behalf, by the
construction or re construction of
dwelling places in such areas 9 or
for purposes connected therewith or
incidental thereto), the State
Government may, by order in
writing, requsition any land and
may make such further orders as
appear to it to as necessary or
expedient in connection with the
requisitioning:
Provided that no land used for
purpose of religious worship or
used by an educational or
charitable institution shal be
requisitioned under this section.
(1A) A Collector of a district, (an
Additional District Magitrate or
the First Land Acquisition
Collector. Calutta) whe authorised
by the State Government in this
behalf, may exercise within his
jurisdiction the powers conferred
by sub-section (1).
(2) An order under sub-section (1)
shall be served in the prescribed
manner on theowner of the land and
where the order relates to land in
occupation (of an occupier, not
being the owner of the land, also
on such occupier).
(3) If any person falls to comngly
with an order made under sub-
section (1) the Collector or any
person authorised by him in
writing in this behalf shall
execute the order in such manner as
be considers expedient and may.-
(a) If he is Magistrate, enforce
the dilivery of possession of the
land in respect of which the order
has been made to himself, or
(b) If he is not a Magistrate,
apply to a Magistrate or, in
Calcutta ad defined in clause (11)
of Section 5 of the Calcutta
Municipal Act 1951, to the
Commissioner of OLICE< AND SUCH
Magistrate or Commissioner, as the
case may be, shall enforce the
delivery of possession of such land
to him."
Sectoin 4 of the Act reads as under:
"4. Acquisition of land - (1) where
any land has been requisitioned
under SEction 3, the State
Government may use or deal with
such land for any of the purposes
referred to in sub-section (1) of
Section 3 as may appear to it to be
expedient
(1a) The State Governemnt may
acquire any land requisitioned
under Section 3 by publishing a
notice in the Official Gatette that
such land is required for a public
purpose referred to in sub-section
(1) of Section 3.
(2) Where a notice as aforesaid is
published in the Official Gazette,
the requisitiond ladn shall, on and
from the beginning of the day on
which the notice is so published,
vest absolutely in the (State
Government free from all
incombrancas and teh period of
requsition of such land shall end."
Rule 3 of West Bengal land (Requisition & Acquisitions, Rules, 1948 deals with manner of service of orders and is a sunder:
"3. Manner of Service of Orders -
An order under sub-section (1) of
section I shall be served on the
owner of the land and where the
order relates to land in occupation
of an occupier not being the owner
of the land, aldo on such occupier.
(a) by delivering or tendering a
copy therefore, endorsed either by
the person authorised by the Act to
make the order or by the Collector,
to the person on whom the order is
to be served or his agent. or
(b) by fixing a copy thereof or the
outer door of soe conspicuous part
of the mouse is which the person on
whom the order is to be served
ordinarily resides or carries on
business or personally works for
pain, or
(c) by sending the same to the
person on whom the order is to be
served by registered post with
acknowledgement due, or
(d) by fixing a copy thereof in
some conspicuous part of the land
to which the order relates and also
in some conspicuous place of the
office or the Collector."
Extract of order under Section 3 of the Act,
"Wereas in mv opinion it is
necessary for the purpose of
maintaning supplies and services
essential to the life of the
community/providing proper
facilities for
transport/communication/irrigation/
drainage vir, for imolementation of
the housing project at Monoharour
to requisition th land (s)
described in the schedule
below/overleaf.
And whereas State Government has by
notification No.20500 L A dated
3.12.63 published in the Calcutta
Gazette Part I of the 26th
December, 1963, at page 2578
authorised me toexercise the powe
conferred by sub-section (1A) of
Section 3 of the West Bengal Land
(Requisition and Acquisition0 Act.
1948 (West Bengal Act II of 1948).
Now therefore, in exercise of the
power conferred by sub-section (1A)
of Section 3 of the West Bengal
Land (Requisition and Acquisition)
Act. 1948 West Bengal Act II of
1948 read with the authority so
vested in me as aforesaid 1 do
hereby requisition the land’s
mentioned in the schedule below
overlead and make the following
further order namely.
1) that possession of the land will
be taken on 7.1.82 at 1 p.m. will
be taken on 7.1.82 at 1 p.m. and
2) that the owner/occupier/tenant
of the said land shall furnish me
such information relating to said
land as will be necessary from time
to time.’
Extract from the gazette notification under Section 4 of the Act;
"HOOGHLY Y No. 3528 L.A. (II) 4H-
I/81 - 6th June 1985 - whereas
8.2216 hectares (20.34 acres). more
or less. of land situate in the
village of Monoharour, described
below, have been requisitioned
under sub-section (1) of Section 3
of the West Bengal (Requisition and
Acquisition) Act, 1948, by the
person authorised under Section
3(1A) of the said Act for the
public purpose of creating better
living condition in urban or rural
areas by construction and
reconstruction of dwelling places
in such are aor for purpose
connected therewith and incidental
thereto, viz. for implementation of
housing project:
Now, therefore, notice is hereby
given that in pursuance of section
4 of the said Act the Governor
acquires such land being required
for a public purpose as aforesaid.
This notice is given under the
provisions of sub-section (1A) of
Section 4 of the West Bengal Land
(Requisition and Acquisition) Act.
1948 (West Bengal Act II of 1949).
to all whom it may concern.
A plan of the land may be inspected
in the office of the Collector,
Hooghly."
It would appear that neither the State Government nor the Collector and Additional District Magistrate, Hoohly appeared before the High Court. The writ petition was defended by the appellant WEst Bengal Housing Board and on this ground, a prasumption was sought to be raised that there was no application of mind by the parties in requisitioning the land and that notice had not been property served in accorcance with Rule 3 before taking over possession of the land.
West Bengal Housing Board has been consituted under the West Bengal Housing Board Act, 1972. It is a body corporate having perpatual succession and a common seal and my sue and be sued in its corporate name and shall be competent to acquire and hold property both movable and immovable, anter into contract and do all things necessary for the purposes of the Act. This Housing Board Act provides as to how the Housing Board is to be constituted, prescribes power and duties of the Housing Board and appointment of all its staff including the Housing Commissioner etc. Under Section 17 of the Houding Board Act, the Housing Board exercises powers, sibject to the provisions of that Act. It may ingur expenditure and undertake works for the framing and execution of such housing schemes as it may consider necessary and such housing schemes may include housing schemes in relation to lands and buildings vested in or in the possession of the State Government. The State Government may also entrust the Housing Board the framing and executionof any Housing scheme, whether provided for by the Act or not, and the Housing Board shall schemes and on such terms and conditions the State Government may think fit to impose. SEction 18 of the Housing Board Act provides matters to be taken into consideration for the housing schemes. Under Section 29 of the Housing Board Act, the State Government may transfer to the Housing Board on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed such assets and liabilities of the State Government and thereupon these stand vested and transferred to the Housing Board. It is not necessary for us to state the various provisions of the Housing Board Act except to say that the Housing Board it is a statutory body with the Minister incharge of the housing department of the State Government as the Chairman of the Housing Board.
It is not disputed that the land in question was transferred to the Housing Board, the appellant herein, by the state Government for execution and completion of the housing scheme known as "Dankuni", in Mouza Monoharour in the writ petition. It submitted that it was possessed of all the records of the State Government as well as of the Collector and Additional District Magistrate. Hooghly which were produced in court during the course of hearing. In this view of the matter the appearance of the State Government or the Collector-cum-Additional District Magistrate, Hooghly, need not have been insisted upon and no adverse presumption could have been raised. Be that as it may when the present special leave petition was filed liberty was granted to State Government to file its counter. In pursuant to that an affidavit was filed by the Land Acquisition Officer under the Collector, Hooghly. This affidavit has been filed on the basis of the official record, It has been mentioned that on January 4, 1982 the order requisitioning the land was duly served under Section 3(2) of the Act upon all the owners/occupiers of the lands as per the Records of Right available with the Collector by affixing a copy thereof on the conspicuous part of the land and the Collector’s office in terms of Rule 3(d) of the Rules. It is stated, it was only after due service of notice under Section 3(2) of the Act read with Rule 3(d) of the Rules that possession of the land was taken. It has also been stated that it was wrongly alleged on the part of the petitioner that neithr the State nor the Collector filed any affidavit before the High Court and that Mr. Tapas Kumar Chakraborty, Collector, hooghly duly swore an affidavit on October 23, 1993 on behalf of the State Government and collector, hooghly. The affidavit of the Land Acquisition Officer further states as under: 1. The appeal was filed by the West Bengal Housing Board as it was the principal aggrieved party as by that time a part of the housing project had been completed and the land was required for the purpose of providing the residents with an approach road to the hearby national highway. 2. The land was essentially required for the purpose of setting up a merker complex and for providing an access road to more than 5000 residents of the Dankuni Housing Project. In fact, the only road leading to the national highway passes through this plot of land. This is an existing road and people and using this only road since the inception of the project. Ifthe road is now closed, the project will be a land-locked one and the residents will have no access to and from the project. 3. providing housing facilities in order to create better living conditions for the people is a public purpose of great inportance and there was sufficient material befopre the requisitioning authority to form an opinion under the Act. The requisition was done by the Collector on behalf of the State Government and all the necessary papers were available with the court. West Bengal Housing Board did not construct "Dankuni" Housing Project with the motive of making higher profit. By constructing the said project in a predominantly rural area, housing board was only fulfilling its obligation under the Act towards creating better living conditions for the people.
The Dankuni project has not vst been fully completed. Only the residential flats have been constructed. The approach road and the marker complex have to be provided to satisfy the essential requirements of more than 5000 residents of the housing complex.
A further look a Dankuni Housing project may also be relevant. It is stated that "Dankuni" is about 30 kms. away from the city of Clacutta and is well connected with road and railway with the city of Calcutta. It si within the purview of both urban and rural areas. The West bengal Housing Board took up the implementation of housing project in the urban and rural areas of the State of West Bengal and the Housing Board intended to implement housing complex in Dankuni at Mouza Monoharour by construction about 1100 dwelling units for weaker section of the community including a market complex, doctor’s clinic, road, drainage etc.to cater to the needs of about 6000 inhabitants living in the project. The State Government granted approval to the Dankuni housing project and accordingly it was decided to acquire land measuring 21.41 acres including the land suibject matter of these proceedings. It is further submitted that from 1983 o 1994 during the pendency of the writ petition in the High Court construction work started in phases. There was different categories of flats viz., Higher Income Group (Upper) Higher Income Group (lower), Middle Income Group and the lower income ground. Flats which are earmarked for the income group of below Rs. 72,00/- per annum cost Rs. 20,000/- to Rs. 18,000/- per annum cost Rs, 60,000/- flats for the income group of Rs, 18,000 and above per annum cost Rs. 93,000/- and flats for the income group of Rs. 30,000/- per annum to cost Rs. 1.80,000/-, wide publicity had been given inviting applications from public for allotmetn of flats and it is stated that 1000 flats had already constructed and possession taken over by the allottees who are living there. When the learned single Judge decided the first writ petition he had directed maintenance of status guo till service of notice requisitioning the land. Thereafter notice requistioning the land was served upon the petitioner. Nothing furtther was to be done as far as the State authorities were concerned as the possession of the land had earlier been taken though the learned judge had directed serving a copy of the notice of the requisitioning order upon the petitioner and thereafter to proceed in accordance with law. As a matter of fact what we find is that service of the hotice for requisitioning of the land had already been earlier served on the petitioner as required under Section 3(2) of the Act read with Rule 3(d) of the Rules. This land was subsequently acquired under Section 4 of the Act. From the record it could not be said that the land was not requisitioned and subsequently aquired for any public purpose. Public purpse of construction of houses for weaker ection is very much there. We fail to see if in the context of construction of houses for weaker sections of society it can be said that public purpose stand frustrated. Further, the Housing Board is not always enjoined to construct houses for a particular section of scoeity. It is a matter commen knowledge that there is an acute shortage of houses and to meet that end the Housing Boardes in States have been constituted.
We have examined impugned order requisitioning the land and also the pazette notification acquiring the land and we are unable to concur with the view taken by the High Court that notive had not been properly served or that there was no application of mind on the part of the Collector in requisitioning the land or that the purpose for which the requisition was made was not a public purpose. Construction of approach road in the housing project, provision for market complex, doctor’s clinic, drainage ect. form part of the housing project and cannot be considered in isotation. That is the public purpose for which the land in question had been requisitioned, a purpost which in a public purpose. We may also usefully refer to the judgment delivered by us today in batch of appeals arising out of SLF (C) Nos. 12914/96 etc. etc, entitled West Bengal Housing Board etc. vs. Brijendra Prasad Gupta & Ors. etc.
The appeal is accordingly allowed, the judgments of the learned single Judge and that of the Division Bench in appeal are set aside and the writ petition filed by the first respondent is dismissed. There will be no order is to costs.