PETITIONER:
UNION OF INDIA & ORS. ETC.
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
SHRI CHAIN SINGH & ORS. ETC.
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 08/05/1997
BENCH:
K. RAMASWAMY, K.S. PARIPOORNAM
ACT
HEADNOTE
JUDGMENT
WITH
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3569-70OF 1997 [Arising out of SLP (C) No. 11052-53/97 CC 3592-93/97)]
ORDER
Leave granted. We have heard learned counsel on both sides.
The land to an extent of 1007 kanals and 6 marlas situated in village Sansoo in Tehsil and District Udhampur was initially requisitioned under Section 6 of the Jammu and Kashmir Requisition and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act. On December 26, 1968, proceedings for acquisition of the land were initiated. The compensation was determined under Section 8 of the Act by the Land Acquisition officer at the rate of Rs. 12, 000/-, Rs. 10, 000/- and Rs. 9, 000/- per kanal to Warhal Changhi, Warhal Mandi and Banjar Kadeem lands respectively. Dissatisfied therewith, an application under From ’G’ seeking reference was filed. The Arbitrator was appointed under Rule 9 read with Section 8(1) of the Act. Thereafter the Arbitrator determined the compensation at the rate of 70, 000/- per kanal, On appeal, the learned single judge confirmed the same and the Division Bench held that no Letters Patent Appeal would lie. Thus, this appeal by special leave.
It is seen that the Land Acquisition Officer has addcued the oral as well as documentary evidence. The claimants also filed the documentary evidence as well as the oral evidence. On consideration of the evidence, the Arbitrator as well as the High Court have held that the lands are situated in a developed area and possessed of and commanded good market value for sale in the open market to a willing purchaser and, therefore, they are capable of fetching market value raging from Rs. 1 lakh to Rs. 2 lakhs per acre and in view of the fact that the sale deeds relied on were in respect of small pieces of land they determined the compensation at the rate of Rs. 70, 000/- per acre.
The question is: whether the view taken by the Arbitrator as well as by the High Court is correct in law? It is settled law that under Section 8(3) of the Act, as amended by Act 6 of 1977, the compensation payable for the acquired property under Section 7 shall, in the absence of an agreement, be the price which the requisitioned party would have fetched in the open market, if it had remained in the same condition as it was at the time of the requisition, and been sold on the date of the acquisition in the same condition. In other words, the principle required to be applied would be that the existing conditions as on the date of the acquisition (as if existed in conditions) in which the land existed on the date of requisition, be the determining factor for fixing the compensation as per the market value prevailing as on the date of the acquisition and compensation has to be determined accordingly.
This Curt in Union of India vs. Hari Krishan Khosla (dead) by Lrs, [(1993) Supp. 2 SCC 149 at 166, para 61] considered the question under the Requisition and Acquisition of the Immovable Property Act, 1952 which is pari material to the Act, and held thus:
" We are of the opinion that the
amount of compensation can be fixed
by agreement under Section 8 (1)
(b). In the absence of such an
agreement, it is left to the
discretion of the arbitrator. The
arbitrator under Section 8 (1) (e)
is to hear the dispute. Thereafter
he is to determine the compensation
which appears to him to be just. He
must have regard to the
circumstances of each case while
applying the provisions of Sub-
Section (3) (a) of Section 8 which
reads as under:
"8. (3) The compensation payable
for the acquisition of any property
under Section 7 shall be
(a) the price which the
requisitioned property would have
fetched in the open market, if it
has remained in the same condition
as it was at the time of
requisitioning and been sold on the
date of acquisition or
(b) * * *
(emphasis supplied)
In our view, the significant
omission of solatium is indicative
of the legislative intent
necessitating stress on the
expressions " just" and
"circumstances of each case"
occurring in sub-section (1) (e)
thereof
Yet another distinguishing feature
is the expression " open market".
The reason why solatium h as not
been provided is that "open market"
contemplates a bargain between a
free buyer and a free seller
unfettered by the consideration of
requisition and consequent
acquisition."
The principle for determination of market value has been laid down by this Court in a catena of decisions one of which is Periyar & Rubbers LTd. vs. State of Kerala [(1991) 4 SCC at 207, para 16] which reads as under:
"Equally it is statutory to note
that the claimant has legal and
legitimate right to a fair and
reasonable compensation to the land
he is deprived of by legal process.
The claimant has to be
recompensated for rehabilitation or
to purchase similar lands
elsewhere. In some cases for lack
of comparable sales it may not be
possible to adduce evidence of sale
transactions of the neighbouring
lands possessed of same or similar
quality. SO insistence of adduction
of precise or scientific evidence
would cause disadvantage to the
claimants in not getting the
reasonable and proper market value
prevailing on the date of
notification under Section 1(1).
Therefore, it is the paramount duty
of the Land Acquisition
Judge/authority to keep before him
always the even scales to adopt
pragmatic approach without
indulging in "facts of imagination"
and assess the market value which
is reasonably capable to fetch
reasonable market value. What is
fair and reasonable market value is
always a question of fact depending
on the nature of the evidence,
circumstances and probabilities in
each case. The guiding star would
be the conduct of a hypothetical
willing vendor would offer the
lands and a willing purchaser in
normal human conduct would be
willing to buy as a prudent man in
normal market conditions as on the
date of the notification under
Section 4(1) but not an anxious
buyer dealing at arm’s length nor
facade of sale or fictitious sales
brought about in quick succession
or otherwise to inflate the market
value."
Thus, it could be seen that the endeavor of the court or the arbitrator should be to sit in the arm chair of a prudent willing purchaser; keep the consideration of the feats of imagination at bay; seek answer to the question whether a willing and prudent buyer would offer to purchase the land from the open market from a willing seller, at the same rate which is proposed to be determined by the Land Acquisition Officer/Court. All the relevant features, viz., the nature of the land, the quality of the land, the market conditions prevailing as on the date of the acquisition, the income derived from the land etc., should be taken into consideration. Thus, the question is: if the similar land remains in the same condition at the time of acquisition, would a prudent purchaser after to purchase 1007 kanals at Rs. 70,000/- per kanal? The Court is required to consider what will be the true market value in that behalf. The arbitrator and the High Court have thrown the tests laid by judicial decisions to winds. It is seen that in the acquisition proceedings, the Tehsildar had collected various documents which now have been proved through the witnesses as to the value as on June 30, 1987 and they have worked out the compensation at the rate of Rs. 12, 000/- per Kanal for the Warhal Changhi, Rs. 10,000/- for Warhan Mandi and Rs. 9,000/- for banjar Kadeem. It is not disputed nor can it be disputed that the lands had developed in and around the land on account of the military estate established in that village. The present development has been taken into consideration which is wrong in law. There is no doubt that the land owners are not having any other land except the small piece of land. But that would not be a consideration for totally ignoring the prevailing market value and fixing the compensation de hors the prevailing market value. The documents reliod on by the claimants show in the map filed before us, that the lands are situated far away from the lands under acquisition, Equally, the lands in respect of which sale deeds were filed by the Government are situated in Sansoo village itself which is very near to the acquired lands. The market value fetched by the lands, i.e., small pieces of the extent of 4 and 5 marlas respectively, between August 10, 1996 and April 27, 1987 hardly work out to minimum of Rs. 10,000/- and the maximum of Rs. 20, 000/-. Even the sale deeds relied on by the claimants are of maximum of 6 marlas of land; though the house was constructed, it was sold for Rs. 32,000/-. Thus, the compensation worked out to Rs. 80,000/- per kanal.
Under these circumstances, considering the totality of the facts and circumstances and sitting in the arm chair of a willing purchaser, we think that the appropriate market value would be Rs. 30,000/- per kanal and the High Court and the Arbitrator, therefore, have committed manifest error in determining the compensation
(C,A, 3568/97)
Accordingly, the appeal is allowed. The claimants are entitled to interest as per the Act. With regard to the determination of the value of the trees, we are not inclined to disturb the determination made by the Arbitrator. It is open to the appellants to have the excess amount recovered from the respective persons as per rule. No costs.
CA No. 3569-70/97 [@ SLP (C) No. 11052-53/97 CC 3592- 93/97] filed by the claimants stand dismissed.
No costs.