PETITIONER:
THE STATE OF PUNJAB
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
GURDAS SINGH
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 31/03/1998
BENCH:
SUJATA V. MANOHAR, S.P. KURDUKAR, D.P. WADHWA
ACT
HEADNOTE
JUDGMENT
With
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3668 OF 1991
JUDGMENT Wadhwa, J.
These are two cross appeals, both against two separate judgments of Punjab and Haryana High Court arising out of a judgment of the Additional District Judge, Gurdaspur passed in appeal filed by the State of Punjab and also by Gurdas Singh. The judgment of the High Court in the appeal of the State of Punjab is dated January 25, 1991 and that in the appeal of Gurdas Singh, it is dated March 3, 1991. Both the appeals were dismissed by the High Court in limine.
Gurdas Singh, respondent in Civil Appeal No. 2978 of 1991 was recruited as Constable in 1961 in the Punjab Police. In 1976 he was promoted as Asstt. Sub-Inspector and in 1984 as Sub-Inspector. By order dated September 3, 1987 of the Senior Superintendent of Police, passed in pursuance to Rule 3(1) (b) of the Punjab Civil Services (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975, he was prematurely retired from the service. At that time he was holding substantive rank of Sub-Inspector of Police and had completed 25 years of qualifying service as on February 3, 1986. This order reads as under :-
"office of the Senior
Superintendent of Police, Gurdaspur
ORDER
Whereas you, Shri Gurdas Singh
Sub Inspector of Police No.
1151/Jull of this district, have
completed 25 years qualifying
service on 3.2.1986.
2. And whereas on consideration of
your record I am of the opinion
that it is in public interest to
retire you from service
prematurely.
3. Now, therefore, in pursuance of
Rule 3(1) (b) of the Punjab Civil
Services (Premature Retirement)
Rules, 1975 it is ordered that you
will retire from service with
effect from 3rd September, 1987
afternoon.
4. You are further informed that
you will be entitled to claim a sum
equivalent to the amount of your
pay and allowances at the same
rates on which you are drawing
immediately before the date of
retirement in lieu of three months
notice period.
Sd/-
Sr. Superintendent of Police
Gurdaspur 3.9.87" Gurdas Singh filed appeal under the relevant service rules against the order prematurely retiring him from service but the same was rejected by the Deputy Inspector General of Police, Jalandhar Range, Jalandhar Cantt. by order dated November 18, 1987. The relevant portion of the order in appeal reads as under :-
2. I have considered his
representation alongwith the
premature retirement papers and
also examined his service record.
The representationist came to be
adversely commented upon in his
ACRs for the period from 1.4.78 to
30.9.78, 1.4.79 to 30.9.79,
18.6.84, to 30.9.84, and 18.6.84 to
31.3.95 by different Reporting
Officer for being dishonest and of
shady character. I have examined
the pleas put forth by the
representationist, which are not
convincing and are vague. I am
satisfied that he was rightly
retired prematurely. In view of the
above discussion, I hereby reject
his representation."
Thereafter Gurdas Singh filed a civil suit on February 25, 1988 challenging his premature retirement from the service and for quashing the orders dated September 3, 1987 and that dated November 18, 1987 being illegal and void. The suit was decreed in favour of Gurdas Singh by judgment dated June 14, 1989 of the subordinate Judge, 1st Class, Gurdaspur. The State of Punjab appealed against that judgment and decree. By Judgment dated August 10, 1990 Additional District Judge, Gurdaspur, dismissed the appeal. He, however, held that Gurdas Singh, Plaintiff, has succeeded on ultra-technical point on the failure of the defendants to produce proof of their having conveyed to him two adverse entries. it was, therefore, directed that Gurdas Singh would not get any arrears of pay w.e.f. September 3, 1987 to June 14, 1989 when his suit was decreed by the trial court. Both the State of Punjab and Gurdas Singh filed appeals in the High Court. While the appeal of the State of Punjab was dismissed by the impugned judgment dated January 25, 1991, that filed by Gurdas Singh was dismissed by a judgment dated March 6, 1991. State of Punjab is aggrieved that the order prematurely retiring Gurdas Singh has been upset. Gurdas Singh is aggrieved that he has been denied salary for a certain period.
The grounds on which the order prematurely retiring Gurdas Singh was set aside was that his record of service prior to his promotion to the rank of Sub-Inspector that is earlier to the year 1984 could not been taken into account and that two adverse entries in his confidential dossier record recorded after 1984 were not communicated to him and those could not form basis for his premature retirement. When leave in the Special Leave Petition filed by the State of Punjab was granted on July 19, 1991, this Court recorded as under :-
"The learned counsel for the
petitioners strongly relies on the
decision in Union of India Vs. M.E.
Reddy: 1980(1) SCR 736, while Mr.
Ujagar Singh refers to a later
decision in Brij Mohan Chopra Vs.
State of Punjab: 1987(2) SCR 583.
Special Leave is granted. Let
the appeal be placed for hearing
before a larger bench. During the
pendency of the appeal operation
of the impugned order shall remain
stayed."
Rule 3 of Punjab Civil Services (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975 under which action was taken against Gurdas Singh and Rules 4 and 5 are as under :-
"3. Premature Retirement - (1)(a)
The appropriate authority shall, if
it is of the opinion that it is in
public interest to do so, have the
absolute right, by giving an
employee prior notice in writing,
to retire that employee on the date
on which he completes twenty-five
years of qualifying service or
attains fifty years of age or on
any date thereafter to be specified
in the notice.
(b) The period of such notice shall
not be less than three months :
Provided that where at least
three months’ notice is not given
or notice for a period less than
three months in given the employees
shall be entitled to claim a sum
equivalent to the amount of his pay
and allowances, at the same rates
at which he was drawing them
immediately before the date of
retirement, for a period of three
months or, as the case may be, for
the period by which such notice
falls short of three months.
(2) Any Government employee may,
after giving at least three months’
previous notice in writing to the
appropriate authority retire from
service on the date on which he
completes twenty five years of
qualifying service or attains fifty
years of age or on any date
thereafter to be specified in the
notice :
Provided that no employee
under suspension shall retire from
service except with the specific
approval of the appropriate
authority.
4. Retiring pension and gratuity -
A retiring person and death-cum-
retirement gratuity shall be
granted to a Government employee
who retires or is required to
retire under rule 3.
5. Overriding effect - The
provisions of these rules shall
have effect notwithstanding any
thing inconsistent therewith
contained in any other rules for
the time being in force."
It will be thus seen that these Rules give absolute right to retire any Government employee on the date on which he completes twenty-five years of qualifying service or attains fifty years of age or as on any date thereafter to be specified in the notice by giving that employee prior notice of three months in writing. This right has to be exercised if in the opinion of the appropriate authority it is in public interest to retire any employee under the Rules.
Mr. Sodhi, learned counsel for the State of Punjab, submitted that primary anxiety of the Government is, in the interest of administrative efficiency, to ensure that dead wood or more precisely the inefficient and the corrupt element should be weeded out from the service and it was with that end in view that Punjab Civil Service (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975 have been notified on July 28, 1975. He said action to retire Gurdas Singh in the present case has been taken judiciously in order that public interest is really served by prematurely retiring him. Whole of his record of service has been taken into consideration. Both the appropriate authority retiring him and the appellate authority have applied their mind in proper perspective. He said that the issue whether two adverse entries after promotion of Gurdas Singh were communicated to him or not is not very material in view of the law laid down by this Court.
Mr. Ujagar Singh, learned counsel appearing for Gurdas Singh, submitted that it was incumbent on the authorities concerned to communicate to Gurdas Singh any adverse entry in his record of service as required by Rule 13.17 of the Punjab Service Rules. Chapter XIII of the Punjab Service Rules deals with promotion. In the present case we are not concerned with the rules relating to promotion or communication of adverse entries in the confidential records of the police officer. Rule 5 of Punjab Civil Services (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975 has overriding effect. we have only to see if action has been taken against Gurdas Singh in accordance with Rule 3 of these Rules.
In Union of India vs. M.E. Reddy and Anr. (1980 (1) SCR 736), respondent was compulsorily retired from service by an order made under Rule 16(3) of the All India Services (Death-cum-Retirement) Rules, 1958. This Rule reads as under:-
"16(3) The Central Government,
in consultation with the State
Government, may require a member of
the Service who has completed 30
years of qualifying service or who
has attained the age of 55 years to
retire in the public interest
provided that at least there
months’ previous notice in writing
will be given to the member
concerned." The Court noted that the Rule gave an absolute right to the Government of India and not merely the discretion and, therefore, impliedly it excludes the rules of natural justice. The Court then observed as under :-
"It is now well settled by a long
catena of authorities of this Court
that compulsory retirement after
the employee has put in a
sufficient number of years of
service having qualified for full
pension is neither a punishment nor
a stigma so as to attract the
provisions of Art. 311 (2) of the
Constitution. In fact, after an
employee has served for 25 to 30
years and is retired on full
pensionary benefits, it cannot be
said that he suffers any real
prejudice. The object of the Rule
is to weed out the dead wood in
order to maintain a high standard
of efficiency and initiative in the
State Service. It is not necessary
that a good officer may continue to
be efficient for all times to come.
It may be that there may be some
officers who may possess a better
initiative and higher standard of
efficiency and if given chance the
work of the Government might show
marked improvement. In such a case
compulsory retirement of an officer
who fulfills the conditions of Rule
16 (3) is undoubtedly in public
interest and is not passed by way
of punishment. Similarly, there may
be cases of officers who are
corrupt or of doubtful integrity
and who may be considered fit for
being compulsorily retired in
public interest, since they have
almost reached the fag end of their
career and their retirement would
not cast any aspersion nor does it
entail any civil consequences. Or
course, it may be said that if such
officers were allowed to continue
they would have drawn their salary
until the usual date of retirement.
But this is not an absolute right
which can be claimed by an officer
who has put in 30 years or service
or has attained the age of 50
years. Thus the general impression
which is carried by most of the
employees that compulsory
retirement under these conditions
involves some sort of stigma must
be completely removed because rule
16(3) does nothing of the sort." This court also considered the arguments of respondent that the order was based on material which was non-existent inasmuch as there were no adverse remarks against him and if there were any such remarks in his confidential reports it should have been communicated to him under the Rules. The Court said :-
"This argument, in our opinion,
appears to be based on a serious
misconception. In the first place,
under the various rules on the
subject it is not every adverse
entry or remarks that has to be
communicated to the officer
concerned. The superior officer may
make certain remarks while
assessing the work and conduct of
the subordinate officer based on
his personal supervision or
contact. Some of these remarks may
be purely innocuous, or may be
connected with general reputation
of honesty or integrity that a
particular officer enjoys. It will
indeed be difficult if not
impossible to prove by positive
evidence that a particular officer
is dishonest but those who has had
the opportunity to watch the
performance of the said officer
from close quarters are in a
position to know the nature and
character not only of his
performance but also of the
reputation that he enjoys. The High
Court has also laid great stress on
the fact that as adverse entries
had not been communicated to Reddy,
therefore, the order impugned is
illegal. We find ourselves unable
to agree with the view taken by the
High court" In Brij Mohan Singh Chopra vs. State of Punjab (1987 (2) SCR 583), this Court adopted a somewhat different approach. The judgment in the case of M.E. Reddy was not noticed. In this case the Court held that it would be unjust and contrary to the principles of natural justice to retire prematurely a Government employee on the basis of adverse entries which were either not communicated to him or if communicated, representation made against those entries were not considered and disposed of. This judgment given by Two Judges Bench has been expressly overruled by a Three Judges Bench judgment of this Court in Baikuntha Nath Das and Anr. vs. Chief District Medical Officer, Baripada and Anr. (1992 (2) SCC 299). The question for consideration before this Court in this latter case was whether it was permissible to the Government to order compulsory retirement of a Government servant on the basis of materials which included uncommunicated adverse remarks. This Court considered various judgments on the issue and laid the following principles :-
"34. The following principles
emerge from the above discussion :
(i) An order of compulsory
retirement is not a
punishment. It implies no
stigma nor any suggestion of
misbehaviour.
(ii) The order has to be passed by
government on forming the
opinion that it is in the
public interest to retire a
government servant
compulsorily. The order is
passed on the subjective
satisfaction of the
government.
(iii) Principles of natural justice
have no place in the context
of an order of compulsory
retirement. This does not mean
that judicial scrutiny is
excluded altogether. While the
High Court or this Court would
not examine the matter as an
appellate court, they may
interfere if they are
satisfied that the order is
passed (a) mala fide or (b)
that it is based on no
evidence or (c) that it is
arbitrary - in the sense that
no reasonable person would
form the requisite opinion on
the given material; in short,
if it is found to be a
perverse order.
(iv) The government (or the Review
Committee, as the case may be)
shall have to consider the
entire record of service
before taking a decision in
the matter - of course
attaching more importance to
record of and performance
during the later years. The
record to be so considered
would naturally include the
entries in the confidential
records/character rolls, both
favourable and adverse. If a
government servant is promoted
to a higher post
notwithstanding the adverse
remarks, such remarks lose
their sting, more so, if the
promotion is based upon merit
(selection) and not upon
seniority.
(v) An order of compulsory
retirement is not liable to be
quashed by a Court merely on
the showing that while passing
it uncommunicated adverse
remarks were also taken into
consideration. That
circumstance by itself cannot
be a basis for interference.
Interference is permissible only on
the grounds mentioned in (iii)
above." Same view was again affirmed in another Three Judges Bench judgment of this Court in Poss and Telegraphe Board and Anr. vs. C.S.N. Murthy (1992 (2) SCC 317).
In Union of India vs. V.P. Seth (AIR 1994 SC 1261), a decision to retire respondent was taken on his completing fifty years of age and after perusing his record of service. He challenged this order under Section 19 of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Jabalpur Bench. The Tribunal set aside the order of premature retirement on the sole ground that certain adverse remarks made in the Confidential Report of the respondent had not been conveyed to him and yet they were taken into consideration in passing the impugned order. The stand of the Union of India was that the entire record of service of the respondent had been taken into consideration and it was realised that his integrity was suspect and, therefore, decision was taken to compulsorily retire him from service. This Court noticed that it would be clear that on overall assessment of the officer his integrity was found to be suspect and, therefore, it was decided to exercise the power of compulsory retirement. The Tribunal, however, came to the conclusion that as the adverse remarks of 1985-86 and 1986-87 had not been communicated and as the earlier adverse remarks in connection with the integrity of the respondent stood eclipsed by his subsequent promotions, the authorities were not justified in terminating his services by way of compulsory retirement. Relying on two decisions of this Court in Baikund Nath Das and C.S.N. Murthy this Court observed that the position of law has been settled and the order of the Tribunal could not be sustained as the same runs counter to the principles laid down in the said two decisions.
The facts in the present case are quite similar to that in Union of India vs. V.P. Seth. Here also the only ground on which the order prematurely retiring Gurdas Singh was set aside was that two adverse entries after his promotion from the rank of Asstt. Sub-Inspector to sub-Inspector were not communicated to him and earlier adverse entries could not be taken into account because even when those existed Gurdas Singh had earned his promotion. It is not necessary for us to again reiterate the principles where the Court will interfere in the order of premature retirement of an employee as these have been accurately set down by various pronouncements of this Court and particularly in Baikund Nath Das case. Before the decision to retire a Government servant prematurely is taken the authorities are required to consider the whole record of service. Any adverse entry prior to earning of promotion or crossing of efficiency bar or picking up higher rank is not wiped out and can be taken into consideration while considering the overall performance of the employee during whole of his tenure of service whether it is in public interest to retain him in the service. The whole record of service of the employee will include any uncommunicated adverse entries as well.
We are, therefore, of the view that the suit filed by Gurdas Singh had no merit and the issue whether order dated September 3, 1987 of his premature retirement and that dated November 18, 1987 dismissing the appeal as illegal and void was wrongly decided in his favour. We, therefore, allow the appeal filed by the State of Punjab and dismiss the suit filed by Gurdas Singh. In consequence appeal filed by Gurdas Singh is also dismissed. There shall be no order as to costs.