REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. OF 2023
(@ SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CIVIL) NOS. 25714-17 OF 2019)
THE REGISTRAR GENERAL,
HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA & ANR.
… APPELLANT(S)
VERSUS
SRI M. NARASIMHA PRASAD …RESPONDENT(S)
JUDGMENT
V. Ramasubramanian, J.
Leave granted.
2. Challenging a common order passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Karnataka, setting aside a penalty of dismissal from service imposed upon the respondent herein, who happened to be a Civil Judge (Junior Division), the Registrar General of the High Court of Karnataka has come up with the above appeals.
3. We have heard Mr. Basava Prabhu S. Patil, learned senior counsel appearing the appellant-High Court and Ms. Anitha Shenoy, learned senior counsel appearing for the respondent.
4. The respondent was appointed as a Civil Judge (Junior Division) vide a notification dated 31.01.1995.
5. On certain allegations of gross misconduct, the respondent was placed under suspension by an order dated 25.01.2005, followed by the initiation of disciplinary proceedings, with the issue of Charge Memos dated 23.03.2005 in DI No.2/2005; DI No.3/2005; DI No.4/2005 and DI No.5/2005.
6. Separate enquiries followed in connection with all the four Charge Memos namely DI Nos.2,3,4,5 of 2005, after the culmination of which, separate reports were submitted by the enquiry officer on 29.03.2007 and 27.04.2007. As per the enquiry reports, some charges stood proved and the other charges were not proved.
7. Therefore, second show cause notices were issued and thereafter the Full Court of the High Court of Karnataka resolved on 04.10.2008 to impose the penalty of dismissal from service upon the respondent. Based on the resolution of the Full Court, an order of dismissal from service was passed by the Governor of Karnataka, vide order dated 19.03.2009.
8. Challenging the findings of the enquiry officer, the respondent filed a set of three writ petitions and challenging the order of dismissal from service, the respondent filed a separate writ petition. All these writ petitions were dismissed by a learned Judge, through a common order dated 30.11.2011.
9. Aggrieved by the same, the respondent filed intra-court appeals. Those appeals were allowed by the Division Bench of the High Court by a very strange order, not only setting aside the order of penalty and the findings of the enquiry officer but also directing that no further inquiry can be held against the respondent. It is against such a common order passed in a batch of four intra-court appeals that the Registrar General of the High Court has come up with these civil appeals.
10. Before we proceed to consider the correctness of the view taken by the High Court, in the light of the rival contentions, it will be useful to extract in a tabular column the charges framed against the respondent under each of the Charge Memos; his reply to each of the charges and the findings of the enquiry officer in respect of those charges.
Charges against the Judicial Officer
S.
No.
Charge Reply to Charge Held to be proved/not proved by the Inquiry Officer Inquiry DI.2/2005 1. That the judicial officer had granted an order of status quo on an interlocutory application for temporary injunction in a civil suit and had further granted an exparte order of temporary injunction in yet another civil. suit against the State, which was represented by the defendants in violation of Section 80(2) of the Code of Civil Procedure.
First suit- Absence of the
AGP (Mallaraja Gowda) on
several occasions. Case was
not
adjourned
unnecessarily. Within two
months,
the
interim
injunction granted was
vacated.
Second suit-
Case of
forcible eviction.
Plaintiff had shown prima
facie case, therefore order of
status quo had been
granted. This was as per
procedure prescribed under
Order 39, Rule 3. Open to
the defendants to file
application for vacating the
same, or advance the same
depending on urgency, no
such application was filed.
Proved
2.
That the judicial officer
had not examined the
witnesses present in
court in several cases
and
was
merely
adjourning the same
even though it was
possible for him to
have recorded the
evidence
of
those
witnesses.
Court was engaged in hearing
other cases, and engaged in
Lok Adalat.
Not proved
3.
That
the
judicial,
officer had issued
bailable and non-
bailable warrants to
witnesses in spite of
the witnesses in spite
of the witnesses having
appeared and seeking
Court was engaged in hearing
other/old matters
Not proved
to file applications for
recalling
of
the
warrants.
4.
That the judicial officer
had entertained a
criminal case and
issued a non-bailable
warrant
to
six
witnesses and when
the witnesses not
appeared, did not
examine them and
ordered that the said
witnesses be bound
over and insisted that
they file applications to
recall the warrants.
Court was engaged in hearing
other/old matters.
Not proved
5.
That the judicial officer
had granted bail to an
accused in a case
involving
offences
under the Karnataka
Forest Act, 1963.
Forest offence - exclusively
triable by magistrate. Not a
violation of Section 86, 87
nor was it an ivory case.
Was under Section, 104(A),
bail was granted after
hearing APP who was given
opportunity
to
file
objections. That evidence of
the APP cannot be relied on
has he is an interested
witness, had reported an
incident of misbehaviour of
his after which contempt
proceedings
had
been
initiated against him, was
now trying to falsely
implicate him.
Proved
Inquiry numbered DI.3/2005 1. The judicial officer without preparing the text of the judgment had pronounced the operative portion of the judgment in open court and that the judgment was a actually prepared later.
Denied the charge. Stated that
he had never pronounced a
single
judgment
without
dictating it in its entirety. He
had a new stenographer, who
was not in the habit of
maintaining the stenographer
book,
frequently
made
mistakes and was irregular in
taking
dictation.
The
stenographer had admitted his
shortcomings in a letter
annexed to the reply, had
resigned from service later.
Stenographer was a novice,
Proved
was negligent and inefficient in
his work. Text had several
typographical
errors,
on
several occasions needed
retyping.
Inefficiency
of
stenographer, several memos
issued to him, he had
tendered apology in writing.
No complaints from the parties
in any of the cases, the
complainant set up by
Somasekhar and Mallaraja
Gowda to falsely implicate
him.
Allegations pertain to three
suits- two were money suits
where no written statement
was filed and defendants place
ex-parte.
Third suit, the judgment had
been dictated, transcribed and
pronounced in court. The text
contained several mistakes
and stenographer had been
directed to retype the same.
Signed judgment was kept in
an almirah, key was with the
stenographer, that he had
deliberately reproduced the
typed unsigned text instead of
the signed judgment, was
aiding the two advocates-
trying to falsely implicate him.
2.
That
he
had
pronounced
the
judgment in a civil
suit on 09.10.2002
whereas
the
judgment
was
actually dictated on
11.10.2002
which
remained unsigned
by the judicial officer.
Denied the charge. Had
dictated judgment well in
advance and signed it.
Claimed that some mischief
may have been played by
vested interests. There was no
complaint from litigants/ on
advocates in this matter.
That the present complainant
is a fictitious person who is
not a party in any of the cases
mentioned,
created
by
Advocate Somashekhar and
the
Assistant
Public
Prosecutor to take revenge
against him.
Stenographer was also new
and not accustomed to taking
Proved
dictation, had admitted his
shortcomings.
3.
That the judicial officer
prepared the judgment
in O.S.31/2001 but did
not sign the judgment.
Denied the charge. That he
signed all judgments before
pronouncement. There was
never any complaint against
him to this effect. That vested
interests acting against him.
His stenographer was new and
irregular in taking dictation,
made mistakes, and admitted
his shortcomings in a letter.
Proved
4.
That the judicial officer
prepared the judgment
in a civil suit on
5.2.2002
and
it
remained incomplete.
Denied the charge.
That vested interests may have
played mischief by replacing
the signed full judgment with
partly printed judgment.
No complaint from any
persons.
Fictitious person who filed the
complaints.
Stenographer
new
and
unaccustomed to dictation.
Proved
5.
That the judicial officer
pronounced
the
judgment in a civil suit
on 23.10.2002 and a
portion of the judgment
was typed on the
order-sheet and a
formal judgment was
prepared only six days
later.
Denied the charge.
That vested interests like
sheristedar may have played
mischief by replacing the
original judgment.
No complaint from any
persons.
Present complainant is a
fictitious person created by
Somasekhar, the APP for
revenge.
Stenographer
new
and
unaccustomed to dictation.
Proved
Inquiry numbered DI.4/2005 1. The judicial officer had, in a case involving offences punishable under the Karnataka Forest Act, at the instance of the counsel for the accused, preponed the case and granted bail and at the request of the Additional Public Prosecutor, the case
Somasekhar was the advocate
appearing for the two accused,
had a grievance against him.
Conditional bail had been
granted,
application
for
cancellation of bail was filed,
and counsel appearing for the
accused did not refute
allegations in the application
on their failure to comply with
the conditions, Did not file
objections in writing or raise
Proved
was again preponed
and thereafter an order
was issued for non-
bailable warrant to the
accused.
any objections orally.
Non-bailable warrant issued in
the interests of justice, acted
in good faith.
2.
The judicial officer did
not pass orders in a
criminal case on the
application filed u/s
457 of Cr.P.C. and
released
all
the
properties.
Counter-claim by complainant
and accused for release of
same property, therefore did
not pass any order, and case
was to be taken for enquiry or
for trial
Not proved
3.
The judicial officer did
not allow Somashekar,
Advocate
for
the
accused to examine a
witness in a criminal
case.
That the advocate started to
put irrelevant questions to the
witness, even though warned
many times. When he
persisted, case was adjourned
Not proved
4.
Application filed by
Somashekar, Advocate
who was not called out,
but to the dismay of
the advocate, it was
found that the case
had been adjourned
earlier in the day
without indicating any
reasons.
Not proved
Inquiry numbered DI.5/2005 1. The judicial officer had brought properties for sale in public auction in criminal cases and while having brought to auction certain articles like choppers, sickles, etc. had not placed teak-wood plants and a motor cycle for such auction. But however, had recorded that the same was sold at auction to one Linga Raju who was related to court typist and this apparently was done in the chambers of the judge. While it was also alleged that the appellant had not prepared the estimated value of the properties
Account
shreistedar
and
property clerk involved in
preparing the sale list - all
ground work done by these
officers.
These material witnesses were
not examined.
Motor cycle was old, parked in
the open thus exposed to rain/
sunlight for more than 6
months - sold for Rs. 7000/-.
Sheristedar misplaced auction
records and thereafter tried to
falsely implicate him to save
himself.
If subordinates had done
something and he had affixed
his signature due to oversight,
should be pardoned for the
lapses.
Proved
before the same were
sold.
11. It is seen that among the charges held proved, some related to the judicial orders passed by the respondent. Therefore, we are prepared straightaway, to ignore those charges and see whether the order of penalty of dismissal from service was justified qua the other charges and whether the Division Bench of the High Court was right in setting aside the same.
12. Once those charges which revolve around the manner of disposal of certain cases are ignored, what remains are certain serious charges that revolve around pronouncement of operative portion of the judgment in open court without the whole text of the judgment being ready. Take for instance, Charge Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 5 in DI No.3/2005. These Charges are very serious in nature, where the respondent is alleged to have pronounced the operative portion of the judgment in open court without the whole of the judgment being ready. Similarly Charge No.1 in DI No.5/2005 related to the conduct of auction sale of properties, seized during the investigation. These are very serious in nature and the reply given by the respondent to these charges is wishy washy.
13. A judicial officer cannot pronounce the concluding portion of his judgment in open court without the entire text of the judgment being prepared/dictated. All that the respondent has done in the departmental enquiry is just to pass on the responsibility to the inefficient and allegedly novice stenographer. We do not know how the findings with regard to such serious charges have been completely white-washed by the High Court in the impugned judgment.
14. A look at the impugned judgment of the High Court shows that the Division Bench of the High Court was swayed away unduly by the animosity attributed by the respondent to a member of the local Bar and the Assistant Public Prosecutor. Let us assume for a minute that the charges were on the basis of complaints initiated by persons bearing ill-will and motive against the respondent. Even then, such ill-will and motive may not make the conduct of the respondent in not preparing judgments but pronouncing the outcome of the case, a condonable conduct.
15. It is true that some of the charges revolve around judicial pronouncements and the judicial decision-making processes and that they cannot per se, without anything more, form the foundation for departmental proceedings. Therefore, we are ignoring those charges. But the charges which revolve around gross negligence and callousness on the part of the respondent in not preparing/dictating judgments, but providing a fait accompli, is completely unacceptable and unbecoming of a judicial officer.
16. The defence taken by the respondent that the lack of experience and the inefficiency on the part of the stenographer has to be blamed, for the whole text of the judgment not getting ready even after several days of pronouncement of the result in open court, was entirely unacceptable. But unfortunately, the High Court not only accepted this panchatantra story, but also went to the extent of blaming the administration for not examining the stenographer as a witness. Such an approach is wholly unsustainable. If it was the case of the respondent that the entire blame lay upon the stenographer, it was for him to have summoned the stenographer as a witness. The High Court unfortunately reversed the burden of proof.
17. While considering a challenge to an order of penalty imposed upon a judicial officer pursuant to the disciplinary proceedings followed by a resolution of the Full Court of the High Court, the Court is obliged only to go by established parameters namely, (i) whether the charges stood proved; (ii) whether the findings of the inquiry officer are reasonable and probable and not perverse; (iii) whether the rules of procedure and the principles of natural justice have been followed; and (iv) whether the penalty is completely disproportionate, especially in the light of the gravity of the misconduct, his past record of service and any other extenuating circumstances.
18. Unfortunately, the High Court did not test the correctness of the order of penalty in this case, on the above parameters. Instead, the High Court has recorded a finding in Paragraph 26 of the impugned order, as though the learned judges had first hand information about the problems that the judicial officers faced at the lower level. The opinion of the High Court in Paragraph 26 of the impugned order that the acts of omission and commission attributed to the respondent do not constitute grave misconduct, is very-very curious. Adding fuel to fire, the High Court has recorded in Paragraph 36 of the impugned order that “dismissing him from service itself is very atrocious”. Such a finding is nothing but a veiled attack on the Full Court of the High Court. After holding so, the High Court has gone to the extent of certifying the respondent as an innocent and honest officer. We do not know wherefrom the High Court came to such a conclusion.
19. One more reason articulated in the impugned order of the High Court is that the second show cause notice indicated the penalty proposed and that therefore, the same was contrary to law. In this regard the High Court placed reliance upon the decision of this Court in Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board Limited vs. Mahesh Dahiya1.
20. But the decision of this Court in Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board Limited (supra), is one where the disciplinary authority-cum-whole time members of the Electricity Board were found to have formed an opinion to impose a major penalty even before forwarding the copy of the enquiry report to the delinquent. But in this case the Full Court of the High Court did not consider the enquiry report and did not take a decision in advance to impose the penalty of removal from service.
21. As a matter of fact, the history of evolution of law relating to second show cause notice is almost forty years old. The requirement of a second show cause notice relating to the proposed penalty was removed from Article 311 of the Constitution by the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976. The same was upheld by a Constitution Bench of this Court in Union of India
1
(2017) 1 SCC 768
and Anr. vs. Tulsiram Patel2. However, a two-member Bench of this Court opened a small window in Union of India and Ors. vs. E. Bashyan3, which led to the decision in Union of India and Ors. vs. Mohd. Ramzan Khan4, wherein this Court held that the opportunity to respond to the findings of the inquiry officer is different from the opportunity to respond to the penalty proposed. Eventually, the issue got clarified in The Managing Director, ECIL, Hyderabad and Ors. vs. B. Karunakar and Ors.5.
22. It is not the case of the respondent that the Full Court of the High Court took a decision to impose the penalty of dismissal from service even before furnishing the copies of the enquiry reports to the respondent. The show cause notices enclosing the enquiry reports, are dated 11.10.2007. The representations made by the respondent are dated 26.10.2007. It is only thereafter that the Administrative Committee No.1 considered the matter on 28.08.2008 and it was placed before the Full Court on 04.10.2008. Therefore, the opinion of the High Court that the second show
2
(1985) 3 SCC 398
3
(1988) 2 SCC 196
4
(1991) 1 SCC 588
5
(1993) 4 SCC 727
cause notices were in violation of the principles of natural justice is not factually and legally correct.
23. We have not come across a case where the High Court, while setting aside an order of penalty has held that there shall not be any further inquiry against the delinquent. But in this case, the High Court has done exactly the same, creating a new jurisprudence. The relevant portion of the impugned order of the High Court reads as follows:-
“Writ Appeal is allowed. Impugned order passed by the learned Single Judge in W.P.Nos.10756/2009 & 11030-32 of 2009 (S.DIS) dated 30.11.2011 is hereby set aside. Punishment order dismissing the appellant from service is hereby quashed. All Inquiry reports are quashed. There shall not be any further enquiry against the appellant. The appellant is to be treated as if he had been in service till the date of superannuation and pay all consequential monetary benefits with interest at 8% p.a. The compliance shall be within a period of three months.”
24. For all the above reasons, the appeals are liable to be allowed. Accordingly, they are allowed and the impugned order of the Division Bench of the High Court is set aside. The order of penalty imposed upon the respondent is upheld and the writ petitions filed by the respondent shall stand dismissed. No costs.
…………………………….. J.
(V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN)
..………………………….. J.
(PANKAJ MITHAL)
New Delhi;
April 10, 2023