PETITIONER:
THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX,LUCKNOW
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
M/S. NARANG DAIRY PRODUCTS,LUCKNOW.
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 28/02/1996
BENCH:
PARIPOORNAN, K.S.(J)
JEEVAN REDDY, B.P. (J)
CITATION:
1996 SCC (7) 700 JT 1996 (2) 679
1996 SCALE (2)509
ACT
HEADNOTE
JUDGMENT
JUDGMENT Paripoornan.J.
The Commissioner of Income Tax, Lucknow (the Revenue) having obtained special leave of this Court in Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 3204 of 1977 by order dated 21.2.1978, has filed the Civil Appeal against the order of Allahabad High Court dated 1.8.1977, rendered in ITA No. 194 of 1977 rejecting the application filed by the Revenue under Section 256(2) of the Income Tax Act (hereinafter referred to as the Act). The Revenue required the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Allahabad Bench, to refer the following question of law under Section 256(1) of the Act for the decision of the High Court:-
"Whether the Tribunal was in law
justified in holding that the
amendment order made by the I.T.O.
was not sustainable to the extent
to which it purported to withdraw
development rebate admissible to
the assessee in respect of that
part of the machinery/plant which
was the subject matter of the
hiring agreement dated 27.8.1969."
(emphasis supplied) The Appellate Tribunal rejected the said application by order dated 20.10.1976. It is, thereafter the Revenue filed the application under Section 256 (2) of the Act before the High Courts which was rejected by order dated 1.8.1977. 2. The facts of this case are in a narrow compass. The respondent-assessee is a registered firm. It carried on the business of manufacture of "milk powder". We are concerned herein with the assessment year 1965-66. For the said year, the Income Tax Officer, by order dated 29.6.1968, allowed development rebate for the entire machinery and plant owned by the assessee and used for the said business in the sum of Rs. 1,00,093/-. A part of the machinery was subsequently sold. The machinery that was left entitling the assessee to the development rebate for the said year was determined at of Rs. 85,222/-. This machinery was let out by the assessee on 27.8.1969 to M/s. Hindustan Lever Limited for a period of three years with a provision for further renewal of the agreement or for outright purchase. In the circumstances, the Income Tax Officer, by an amendment order dated 30.3.1970, withdrew the development rebate of Rs. 1,00,093/- The appeal filed by the assessee was dismissed by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner, In further appeal before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, it was contended that there was no "sale" or "transfer" within the meaning of Section 34 (3) (b) of the Act, permitting withdrawal of the development rebate of Rs. 1,00,093/-, granted earlier and in this view the amendment order passed by the Income Tax Officer was improper and unjustified. The Appellate Tribunal followed its earlier decision rendered for the assessment year 1979-71 and held that no transfer was involved by the lease agreement and so Section 34(3)(b) of the Act was not attracted. The appeal filed by the assessee was allowed. Thereafter the Revenue required the Appellate Tribunal in RA No. 131/1976-77, to refer the question of law formulated hereinabove for the decision of the High Court. The Tribunal declined the request of the Revenue and the application filed by the Revenue before the High Court also met with the same fate. It necessitated the Revenue to approach this Court by special leave. After obtaining special leave in SLP(C) No. 3204/77, the above appeal has been filed. 3. We heard counsel. The original assessment order for the year 1965-66 was rendered on 29.6.1968. The amendment order withdrawing the development rebate was passed by the Income Tax Officer on 30.3.1970. In view of the pendency of the matter for over two decades we intimated counsel on both sides that we propose to finally adjudicate the matter and in that behalf, we withdraw the entire matter from the High Court, to this Court. 4. It is common ground that for the year 1965-66 the assessee was allowed development rebate for the entire machinery and plant owned and used by it for the purpose of business in the sum of Rs.1,00,093/-. Later, a part of the machinery was sold. The assessee became entitled to development rebate only in the sum of Rs. 85,222/-. It is common ground that the machinery was let out by the assessee on 27.8.1969 to M/s. Hindustan Lever Limited for a period of three years with the provision for further renewal of the agreement or for outright purchase. The sole question that arises for consideration is, whether in the circumstances, Section 34(3)(b) of the Income Tax Act is attracted enabling the Income Tax Officer to pass the amendment order as he did, dated 30.3.1970, withdrawing the development rebate of RS. 1,00,093/-? 5. Dr. Gauri Shankar, senior counsel appearing for the appellant, submitted that by entering into the lease transaction the assessee has "otherwise transferred" the machinery or plant before the expiry of eight years from the end of the previous year in which it was acquired and installed and so the allowance made under Section 33 of the Act, in respect of the machinery or plant should be deemed to have been wrongly made for the purpose of the Act. Counsel for the assessee Smt. S. Janani, submitted that Section 34(3)(b) of the Act should be read along with the definition contained in Section 2(47) of the Act, and so read, this is not a case of any "sale" or "transfer otherwise" extinguishing the rights of the assessee in the machinery or plant. 6. It will be useful to bear in mind the relevant statutory provisions [Section 2(47), Section 33 and Section 34(3)(b)] applicable to the instant case:-
"Section 2(47) - ["transfer", in
relation to a capital asset,
includes,-
(i) the sale, exchange or
relinquishment of the asset; or
(ii) the extinguishment of any
right therein; or
(iii) the compulsory acquisition
thereof under law; or
(iv) in a case where the asset is
converted by the owner thereof
into, or is treated by him as,
stock-in-trade of a business
carried on by him, such conversion
or treatment;] [or]
(v) any transaction involving the
allowing of the possession of any
immovable property to be taken or
retained in part performance of a
contract of the nature referred to
in section 53A of the Transfer of
Property Act, 882 (4 of 1882); or
(vi) any transaction (whether by
way of becoming a member of, or
acquiring shares in, a co-operative
society, company or other
association of persons or by way of
any agreement or any arrangement or
in any other manner whatsoever)
which has the effect of
transferring, or enabling the
enjoyment of, any immovable
property.
Explanation - For the purposes of
sub clauses (v) and (vi),
"immovable property" shall have the
same meaning as in clause (d) of
section 269UA;"
33(1)(a) In respect of a new ship
or new machinery or plant (other
than office appliances or read
transport vehicles) which is owned
by the assessee and is wholly used
for the purposes of the business
carried on by him. there shall, in
accordance with and subject to the
provisions of this section and of
section 34. be allowed a deduction,
in respect of the previous year in
which the ship was acquired or the
machinery or plant was installed
or, if the ship, machinery or plant
is first put to use in the
immediately succeeding previous
year, then, in respect of that
previous year, a sum by way of
development rebate as specified in
clause (b)."
34(3)(b) - If any ship, machinery
or plant is sold or otherwise
transferred by the assessee to any
person at any time before the
expiry of eight years from the end
of the previous year in which it
was acquired or installed, any
allowance made under section 33 or
under the corresponding provisions
of the Indian income Tax Act, 1922
(11 of 1922), in respect of that
ship, machinery or plant hall be
deemed to have been wrongly made
for the purposes of this Act, and
the provisions of sub-section (5)
of section 155 shall apply
accordingly:
Provided that this clause
shall not apply-
(i) where the ship has been
acquired or the machinery or plant
has been installed before the 1st
day of January, 1958; or
(ii) where the ship, machinery or
plant is sold or otherwise
transferred by the assessee to the
Government, a local authority, a
corporation established by a
Central, State or Provincial Act or
a Government company as defined in
section 617 of the Companies Act,
1956 (1 of 1956); or
(iii) where the sale or transfer of
the ship, machinery or plant is
made in connection with the
amalgamation or succession,
referred to in sub-section (3) or
sub-section (4) of section 33."
(emphasis supplied) 7. In this case, the machinery or plant was not sold. Admittedly, the machinery was let out by the assessee to M/s. Hindustan Lever Limited on 27.8.1969, within a period of eight years from the end of the previous year in which it was acquired. The only question is whether it can be said that the machinery or plant was "otherwise transferred" by the assessee to any person. Under Section 33(1)(a) the development rebate is allowed in respect of the new allowed in respect of the new machinery and plant which is owned by the assessee and is wholly used for the purpose of business carried on by him. When the machinery was let out by the assessee to M/s. Hindustan Lever Limited, it cannot admit of any doubt, that the said machinery or plant could not and was not used by the assessee for the purpose of business carried on by him. It is not only the ownership of the plant or machinery, but also is its exclusive user by the assessee for the purpose of his business, that is essential to enable the assessee to get the development rebate under Section 33(1)(a). In cases where an assessee disables himself from such continued exclusive user of the plant or machinery for the purpose of his business for the specified period, the consequences specified in Section 34(3)(b) will follow, provided the machinery or plant is "otherwise transferred". It is true that there is no sale; nor is there any complete extinguishment of the right of the assessee in the machinery or plant by the grant of lease; but the exclusive possession and enjoyment of the machinery or plant by the assessee no longer exists or survices. Such right to exclusive possession and enjoyment vests in the lessee and it is a case where the machinery or plant is "otherwise transferred" to the lessee. It is a case where the machinery or plant is "otherwise transferred" by the assessee to any person before the expiry of eight years from the end of previous year in which it was acquired. Even assuming that the transaction may not be a "transfer" as defined under Section 2(47) of the Act, in our view, the definition section is an inclusive one and does not exclude the contextual or the ordinary meaning of the word, "transfer". There are different shades of meaning to the word "transfer", viz., "to make over possession of to another", "a delivery of the or property from one person to another", "to displace from one surface to another", "removal", "handover", "make over possession of property to another", "change", "displace", etc. The words "otherwise transferred" occurring in Section 34(3)(b) should bear an appropriate meaning, in the context of the main provision, Section 33(1)(a) of the Act. Section 34(3)(b) is closely linked to Section 33(1)(a) of the Act. Keeping in view the purpose, for which the relief by way of development rebate is afforded under Section 33(1)(a) of the Act, in cases where the machinery or plant is not wholly used by the assessee for he purpose of business carried on by him, for the specified period, and such user is given over to another, it can be safely stated that the machinery or plant is "otherwise transferred" by the assessee to another person. In the above view of the matter, we are of the view, that the withdrawal of the development rebate by the Income Tax Officer in the amendment order dated 30.3.1970 by relying on Section 34(b) of the Act is justified. We are broadly in agreement with the decision of the Kerala High Court reported in Blue Bay Fisheries_(P) Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income-Tax (166 ITR 1), in the interpretation of the crucial words occurring in Section 34(3)(b) of the Act, "otherwise transferred". We set aside the decision of the Allahabad High Court and also of the Appellate Tribunal and answer the question formulated by the Revenue under Section 256(1) of the Act in the negative, in favour of the Revenue and against the assessee. The appeal is accordingly allowed. There shall be no order as to costs.