PETITIONER:
THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX,ANDHRA PRADESH.
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
M/S. B. POSETTY & CO.
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 05/11/1996
BENCH:
K.S. PARIPOORNAN, SUJATA V. MANOHAR
ACT
HEADNOTE
JUDGMENT
JUDGMENT
PARIPOORNAN. J. 1. The Revenue has filed this appeal against the judgment of the High Court of Andhra Pradesh dated 22.8.1977 rendered in Case Referred No.45 of 1975. The High Court granted a certificate under Section 261 of the Income Tax Act to appeal to this Court, in S.C.L. Petition No.57 of 1978. The assessee is the respondent in this appeal.
Since the respondent (assessee) was not represented, we requested Sri V.A. Bobde (senior counsel) to assist us. We heard counsel for the Revenue Sri. J. Ramamurthy and Sri V. A. Bobde. 2. The short question involved in this Appeal is :-
Whether the respondent-assessee firm is entitled to registration under Income Tax Act for the year 1966-67? The Income Tax Officer by his order passed under Section 185 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, dated 28.12.1970, held that the respondent-assessee -- sub-partnership -- contravenes the provisions of Section 14 of the Andhra Pradesh (Telangana Area) Abkari Act (hereinafter referred to as ’the Abkari Act’) and so, the sub partnership should be considered as void and illegal. Section 14 of the Act is to the following effect :
"No lessee shall, except with the
Permission of Government, any
person to be his partner; and such
partner shall not be competent to
act as such until he has obtained a
licence to that effect from the
Collector or any other competent
officer."
Registration was refused. The said order was confirmedin appeal by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner by order dated 28.2.1972. In further appeal, the Income tax Appellate Tribunal (the Tribunal) in I.T.A. No.210 (Hyd)/1972-73 by order dated 31.12.1973, held that the firm (sub-partnership) is valid and entitled to registration. In rendering the said order, the Tribunal noticed that another Bench of the Tribunal in I.T.A. No.1028 (Hyd) of 1969-70 and connected appeals had by an earlier order dated 30.6.1972, held that a sub-partnership on identical lines was not hit by section 14 of the Abkari Act. Concurring with the said view, the Tribunal further held that the business of sub partnership was not the same as that of the main partnership and all the insignia of a valid partnership are present in this case and so, it is valid and entitled to registration. It is thereafter, at the instance of the Revenue, the Appellate Tribunal referred the following question of law for the decision Of the Andhra Pradesh High Court.
"Whether on the facts and in the
circumstances of the case, the
subpartnership is entitled to the
benefits of registration under the
Income-tax Act, 1961 for the
assessment year 1966-67?"
By the time the said reference came up for final hearing before the High Court, the reference made by the Tribunal of an identical question in the connected cases arising from I.T.A No. 1028 (Hyd) of 1969-70 was heard and decided by the High Court, holding that the sub-partnership in the said case, is valid and entitled to registration, vide judgment in Additional Income Tax Commissioner, Hyderabad v. D.G.G. Ramakishan & Co. [(1) 1977 TLR 244 = 111 ITR 93]. When the instant reference came up before the High Court, the earlier decision on the identical matter was noticed and the High Court answered the question in the affirmative and in favour of the assessee vide judgment dated 22.8.1977. It is thereafter, the Revenue moved the High Court in SCL Petition No.57/1978 under section 261 of the Income tax Act and having obtained a certificate to appeal to this Court vide order dated 10.3.1978 has tiled the above appeal. 4. At this stage, one fact deserves to be noticed. The decision of the Andhra Pradesh High Court rendered in Additional Income Tax Commissioner, Hyderabad v. D.G.G. Ramakishan & Co. [(1) 1971 TLR 244 = 111 ITR 93], came up in appeal before this Court, in Additional Commissioner of Income Tax v. Degaon Ganga Reddy G. Ramakrishna and Co. and Others [1995 (214) ITR 650), and a Bench of this Court affirmed the said decision. If was noticed that this Court had in Muralidhar Himatsingka vs. CIT (62 ITR 323) held that a valid sub-partnership can be entered into by a partner of the main firm with some strangers to share the income or loss receivable by him from the main partnership and such sub-partnership is entitled to registration and then proceeded to state thus at (214 ITR 650) pages 653 to 655 :-
"The High Court then proceeded to
consider the next question,
namely, whether a partner of the
main firm who deals in liquor.....
or any other prohibited article
which requires a specific
permission of the State Government
.... can validly enter into a sub-
partnership with strangers in
respect of his share in the main
partnership. This question arises
because of the prohibition
contained in section 14 of the
Abkari Act against carrying on
business in liquor without a
licence granted for the purpose.
The High Court rightly pointed out
that the partners of the sub-
partnership would not become
partners of the main partnership-
firm and this position would not be
altered in any manner even if the
business of the main firm were to
deal in liquor or any other
prohibited article since the
partners of the sub-partnership
would be entitled only to share the
profits and losses, as the case may
be, that accrue or fall to the
share of the partner in the main
firm. Accordingly, the members of
the sub-partnership do not become
partners of the main firm, the two
being different and distinct
entities for the purpose of the
Income-tax Act. The High Court,
then proceeded to state thus (at
page 105):
"All the decisions relied upon by
the Revenue are applicable only if
it is found as a fact that the sub-
partnership had carried on the
business of liquor, tobacco, opium
or any other prohibited article
without the requisite permission or
the State Government or the
Collector, as the case may be....
The Pertinent question that arises
in the present case is whether the
sub-partnership has intended to do
and in fact did business in liquor
in the accounting year. If the sub-
partnership also had indulged in
the business in liquor without the
requisite licence in the name of
the sub-partnership or in the name
of all the partners of the Sub-
partnership, the sub-partnership,
on the application of the
principles referred to above, must
be held to be void ab initio and
non est as it intended to do
business in liquor without the
requisite licence. If, on the other
hand, the business of the sub-
partnership is not the sale of
liquor or dealing in liquor or
doing anything in connection with
the purchase and sale of liquor in
any manner, it cannot be said that
those sub-partnerships are illegal
and void and non est...."
"After correctly stating the legal
position, the High Court referred
to the contents of the deed of
sub-partnership and the finding of
the Tribunal that the assessee sub-
partnership cannot be said to have
not carried on any business; that
the sub-partnership had financed
and owned the capital invested by
one of its partners in the main
firm; and that the sub-partnership
had been formed mainly to finance
the business of one of the partners
of the main firm doing abkari
business and share the profits and
losses accruing to or received by
him from the main firm. The High
Court also observed that the sub-
partnership confined its business
to only sharing the profits earned
by one of the partners of the main
partnership doing abkari business
in lieu of their capital invested
for the share of that partner and,
therefore, it cannot be said that
such a sub-partnership is
prohibited in law......
"......there can be no doubt that
the sub-partnerships formed by
individual partners of the main
partnership which were lessees,
with some others merely to finance
the business of a partner of the
main firm doing abkari business and
share the profits and losses
accrued to or received by him from
the main firm, were not in
violation of Section 14 of the
Abkari Act. For this reason, there
is no basis to hold that the sub-
partnerships were in violation, of
section 14 of the Abkari Act and,
therefore, illegal. The Tribunal
was right in holding that in the
facts and circumstances of the
case, the assessee-sub-partnerships
being found to be genuine were
entitled to be registered under the
Income-tax Act."
In the normal circumstances, the aforesaid decision of this Court reported in [1995 (214) ITR 650], should govern the decision in this case also. But, when the instant appeal came up for hearing before a Bench of two-Judges, after referring to the decision in Bihari Lal vs. CIT (217 ITR 746) it was observed :-
"......... As the profits of the
business to be shared by the sub-
partners were the profits of the
main business, namely, abkari
business, Section 14 of the Abkari
Act squarely got attracted and made
even the sub-partnership for
sharing at least a part of the main
partnership profits illegal as
Section 14 of the Abkari Act was
admittedly not complied with."
and so referred the matter for appropriate decision by a larger Bench of three-Judges (see AIR 1996 SC 1091- Income Tax Commissioner vs. B. Posetty). This is how the matter has come up before this Bench. A few facts to decide the question of law involved in this appeal may be stated. A partnership by name M/s. Nizamabad Group Sendhi Contractors, was formed evidenced by a Partnership Deed dated 15.10.1962, consisting of 17 partners. On 27th of August, 1963, Sri Ganga Goud, one of the partners in the said firm, and 11 others executed a Partnership Deed to the effect that Shri Ganga Goud after becoming a partner in the Nizamabad Group Sendhi Contractors, the main partnership, found it difficult to contribute the required capital towards his share and, therefore, the other 11 partners of the sub-partnership agreed to provide the finance on their being taken as partners in respect of Ganga Goud’s 10 per cent share in the main partnership. The registration of the said subpartnership was refused by the Income Tax Officer. It is the case of the said sub-partnership which finally reached this Court in the decision rendered in Additional Commissioner of Income Tax v. Degaon Ganga Reedy G. Ramakrishna and Co. and Others [1995 (214) ITR 650]. Similarly, in this case, Sri B. Posetty had 11 per cent share in the Nizamabad Group Sendhi Contractors. He found it difficult to contribute the required capital for the said share in the main firm. So, B. Posetty along with 9 others formed a sub-partnership as "B.Posetty & Company" on condition that they would provide the requisite finance on allotting certain share to them out of Sri B. Posetty’s income in the main firm. The main partnership, M/s. Nizamabad Group Sendhi Contractors, is a registered firm under the Income-tax Act. They are lessees who were the highest bidders in the auction held by the Excise authorities. The sub-partnership "B. Posetty & Company "is evidenced by Deed dated 20.1.1965 which specified the shares of each partner. This firm filed the application for registration for the assessment year 1966- 67. On 30.9.1963, it returned an income, admitting 11 per cent share income of Sri B.Posetty in the firm Nizamabad Group Sendhi Contractors. The Income Tax Officer refused registration to the sub-partnership on the ground that the sub-partnership contravened the provisions of Section 14 of the Abkari Act, and so, void and unenforceable. It was affirmed in appeal. But, the Tribunal as well as the High Court granted registration. 6. The sole question that arises for consideration in this appeal is, whether the sub-partnership contravened Section 14 of the Abkari Act ? 7. Section 14 of the said Act runs thus:
"No lessee shall, except with the
permission of Government, declare
any person to be his partner; and
such partner shall not be competent
to act as such until he has
obtained a licence to that effect
from the Officer."
(emphasis supplied)
It will be appropriate to quote the relevant provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961, dealing with registration as they existed during the relevant period: -
Section 184
"(1) An application for
registration of a firm for the
purposes of this Act may be made to
the Assessing Officer on behalf of
any firm if-
(i) the partnership is evidenced by
an instrument; and
(ii) the individual shares; of the
partners are specified in that
instrument.
(2) Such application may, subject
to the provisions of this section,
be made either during the existence
of the firm or after its
dissolution.
xxx xxx xxx
"(5) The application shall be
accompanied by the original
instrument evidencing the
partnership, together with a copy
thereof:
(6) The application shall be made
in the prescribed form and shall
contain the prescribed particulars.
(7) Where registration is granted
or is deemed to have been granted
to any firm for any assessment
year, it shall have effect for
every subsequent assessment year:
Provided that-
(i) there is no change in the
constitution of the firm or the
shares of the partners as evidenced
by the instrument of partnership on
the basis of which the registration
was granted; and
(ii) the firm furnishes, before the
expiry of the time allowed under
sub-section - (1) of section 139
for furnishing the return of income
for such subsequent assessment
year, a declaration to that effect,
in the prescribed form and verified
in the prescribed manner, so,
however, that where the Assessing
Officer is satisfied that the firm
was prevented by sufficient cause
from furnishing the declaration
within the time so allowed, he may
allow the firm to furnish the
declaration at any time before the
assessment is made.
" Procedure on receipt of
application 185. (1) On receipt of
an application for the registration
of a firm, the Assessing Officer
shall inquire into the genuineness
of the firm and its constitution as
specified in the instrument of
partnership, and
(a) if he is satisfied that there
is or was during the previous year
in existence a genuine firm with
the constitution so specified, he
shall pass an order in writing
registering the firm for the
assessment year;
(b) if he is not so satisfied, he
shall pass an order in writing
refusing to register the firm."
We should remember that it is the main partnership, i.e., Nizamabad Group Sendhi Contractors who were lessees being the highest bidders in the auction held by the Excise authorities for the relevant year. The said partnership was registered by the Income Tax Department under the Income-tax Act. In the instant case, the Tribunal found the business of the sub-partnership is not the same as that of the main partnership and all the insignia of a valid partnership are present in the case and so, it is valid and entitled to registration. The said findings were not questioned before High Court by framing an appropriate question in that regard. In the instant case, the High Court followed its earlier decision reported in [111 ITR 93] wherein after noticing section 14 of the Abkari Act, the High Court held thus:
"All the decisions relied upon by
the Revenue are applicable only if
it is found as a fact that the sub
partnership had carried on the
business of liquor, tobacco, opium
or any other prohibited article
without the requisite permission of
the State Government or the
Collector, as the case may be...
The pertinent question that arises
in the present case is whether the
sub-partnership has intended to do
and in fact did business in liquor
in the accounting year. If the sub
partnership also had indulged in
the business of liquor without the
requisite licence in the name of
the sub-partnership or in the names
of all the partners of the sub
partnership, the sub-partnership,
on the application of the
principles referred to above, must
be held to be void as initio and
non est as it intended to do
business in liquor without the
requisite licence. If, on the other
hand, the business of the sub-
partnership is not the sale of
liquor or dealing in liquor or
doing anything in connection with
the purchase and sale of liquor in
any manner, it cannot be said that
those sub-partnerships are illegal
and void and non est....."
The High Court further held that the sub-partnership had financed and owned the capital invested by one of its partners in the main firm and the sub-partnership confined its business to only sharing the profits earned by one of the partners of the main partnership doing abkari business in lieu of their capital invested for the share of that partner and such a sub-partnership is not prohibited by law. 8. Dealing with sub-partnership and its validity S.T. Desai on The Law of Partnership in India (6th Edn.) at page 152, states the law, thus:
"Sub-partnership may arise when as
a result to an agreement between a
partner in a firm and a stranger
the latter becomes jointly
interested that partner so far as
his share in the firm is concerned.
Such mutual interests may amount to
a partnership, but it is not a
partnership in the main firm, but
what is called a sub-partnership.
Such an agreement with not have the
effect of making the stranger a
partner of the main firm. He will
have no demand against that firm,
nor will he be entitled to ask for
accounts of its business so long as
it continues to trade. It would
hardly be questioned that a sub-
partner is not liable to the
creditors of the main firm for any
of its debts.
Sub-partnerships have been
recognised in India both before and
after the present Act came into
force. In Murlidhar v. Income Tax
Commissioner (AIR 1967 SC 383 = 62
ITR 323 ) the Supreme Court quoted
with approval the following
statement of the law from Lindley
on Partnership : A sub-partnership
is, as it were, a partnership
within a partnership; it
presupposes the existence of a
partnership to which it is itself
subordinate. An agreement to share
profits only consitutes Partnership
between the parties to the
agreement therefore, several
persons are partners and one of
them agrees to share the profits
derived him with a stranger, this
agreement does not make the
stranger a partner in the original
firm. The result of such an
agreement is to constitute what is
called a sub-partnership, that is
to say, it makes the parties to it
partner inter se; but it in no way
affects the other members of the
principal firm."
(emphasis supplied)
In this case, the lessee is Nizamabad Group Sendhi Contractors (main firm). The sub-partnership is a distinct and different firm. It is one recognised by law and it is not a partnership with the main firm. It will not have the effect of making the partners in the sub-partnership, partners of the main firm. In other words, the main firm, the lessees and the sub partnership are distinct and different. In the light of the above legal position, it cannot be said that either the sub-partnership in the instant case, or any of its partners as a partner, became a partner of the main firm, Nizamabad Group Sendhi Contractors. The inhibition contained in Section 14 of the Abkari Act will apply only in a case where the lessee declares any person as its partner. Here, the lessees, M/s. Nizamabad Group Sendhi Contractors, had not declared either the subpartnership or any other person, as its partner. In such circumstances, the inhibition contained in Section 14 of the Abkari Act cannot apply. It is true that Sri Posetty and 10 others formed the sub-partnership, "B. Posetty & Co." -- for a legitimate business purpose, to provide the requisite finance, on condition of allotment of certain shares to them out of Mr. Posetty’s share in the main firm. The sub-partnership financed one of its partners to make a capital investment in the main firm. Such an arrangement or agreement between persons who formed a distinct and different firm, is valid in law and to such a situation Section 14 of the Abkari Act is not attracted; nor is there any basis to hold that there was any contravention of the provisions of the said Act. Law recognises formation of subpartnership. The main partnership and the sub-partnership are, for the purpose of law, distinct and different entities. Registration cannot be refused to the subpartnership on the ground that one of the partners of the main firm had agreed to share the profits received by him from the firm, with a stranger or strangers (members of the sub-partnership) since the agreement does not make the stranger or strangers or the sub-partnership firm, a partner in the original firm and such an arrangement or agreement does not affect either the main firm or its other members, in any way. Section 14 of the Abkari Act has no application to such a situation. We are of the view that on the facts similar to one in the instant case, the earlier decision of this Court in Additional Commissioner of Income Tax v. Degaon Ganga Reddy G. Ramakrishna and Co. and Others [214 ITR 650], has properly considered the entire matter and a reconsideration of the same is not called for. We should state that this Court in Bihari Lal’s case (217 ITR 746) was dealing entirely with a different situation wherein clause VI of the General Licence conditions prescribed by Madhya Pradesh Excise Rules, 1960, quoted at p. 750 of the report, was of very wide import and interdicted transfer or sublease of the licence or formation of partnership of the licence obtained by an individual in any manner or form. Such a situation is not present herein. The said decision is clearly distinguishable. In our view, the High Court was justified in law in answering the question referred to it, in the affirmative and in favour of the assessee. This appeal is without merit and is dismissed. There shall be no order as to costs.