PETITIONER:
DELHI WATER SUPPLY & SEWAGE DISPOSALUNDERTAKING & ANR.
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
STATE OF HARYANA & ORS.
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 29/02/1996
BENCH:
KULDIP SINGH (J)
HANSARIA B.L. (J)
CITATION:
1996 SCC (2) 572 JT 1996 (6) 107
1996 SCALE (2)SP75
ACT
HEADNOTE
JUDGMENT
ORDER
Water is a gift of nature. Human hand cannot be permitted to convert this bounty into a curse, an oppression. The primary use to which the water is put being drinking, it would be mocking the nature to force the people who live on the bank of a river to remain thirsty, whereas others incidentally placed in an advantageous position are allowed to use the water for non-drinking purposes. A river has to flow through some territory; and it would be travesty of justice if the upper-riparian States were to use its water for purposes like irrigation, denying the lower riparian States the benefit of using the water even for quenching the thirst of its residents. 2. The plight of residents of Delhi in not getting sufficient water even for drinking, led Commodore S.D. Sinha to approach this Court under Article 52 of the Constitution by filing a public interest petition, which came to be registered as Writ Petition (C) No.537 of 1992 seeking, inter alia, a direction to the concerned Governments to maintain regular low of water, in Jamuna river so that the residents of Delhi do not face problem of drinking water, which, however, was being so faced because of non-release of sufficient quantity of water from Tajewala Head. As intricate questions of law were found to be involved, on the suggestion of the court, Commodore Sinha agreed to have the guidance and assistance of senior lawyer through the Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee. 3. It is this which found Senior Advocate, Shri K.K. Venugopal before us. The learned counsel took pains to bring to our notice by referring to some decisions of the American Court, as well as to some writings, that drinking is the most beneficial use of water and this need is so paramount that it cannot be made subservient to any other use of water, like irrigation. So, the right to use of water for domestic purpose would prevail over other needs. It is because of this that it was contended that what has been stated in Article 262 of the Constitution dealing with adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State river or river valleys, read with Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956, could not exclude the jurisdiction of this Court to entertain the grievance of the petitioner. 4. Shri Venugopal - in support of his contentions relied upon high authorities of State of Connecticut vs. Commonwealth of Massachuhetts, 75 Law Ed. 602; American Jurisprudence, Vol.78, 2d p.293; and C.D. Harris vs. John Brooks, 54 American Law Reports 2d series p 1440. We found plausibility in the contentions and were inclined to unfold new jurisprudential arena, despite strong objection to the same being taken by the State of Haryana, which came to be represented by its Advocate General, Shri H.L. Sibal, at a later stage. Shri Sibal pleaded in the alternative not to base our decision on the principle of law advanced by Shri Venugopal, as a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between U.P., Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and National Capital Territory of Delhi, regarding allocation of surface flow of Jamuna, had come to be signed on September 12, 1994. The Advocate General urged that we may ask the concerned States to act as per the said MOU. We found merit in the submission and Shri Venugopal too raised no objection, and rightly. But,as to act according to the MOU required deliberation by Upper Jamuna River Board; and as there was some difficulty in doing so because its membership could not be finalized; and as the summer months were fast approaching, a need was felt by us to give appropriate direction to take care of the hardship likely to be faced during those months. 5. This led us to pass order dated March 31, 1995. The operative part reads as below:
"After hearing the representatives
of all the States concerned and the
Union of India and their learned
counsel, we are of the view that
the Board having been legally
constituted, the Memorandum of
Understanding has become executable
under law. The State of Delhi which
is in dire need of water is to be
given its allocation of water with
immediate effect. We, therefore,
direct all the parties to the
Memorandum of Understanding to
assure that sufficient water, which
according to Mr. Mathur is about 2-
1/2 times of the seasonal
allocation, is released from
Tajewala Head so that Delhi gets
0.076 B.C.M.* for its consumption
during the period March to June,
1995.
We issue special directions to
the States of Haryana and Uttar
Pradesh through their Chief
Secretaries of the Irrigation
Departments to release the water as
directed by us for the consumption
of Delhi from Tajewala Head with
effect from April 6, 1995. While
passing this order, we take this
opportunity to request the
respective Chief Ministers of the
two States of Haryana and Uttar
Pradesh to direct the concerned
officers/officials of their
respective Governments to have our
directions regarding supply of
water to Delhi, complied with.
-----------------------------------
*It is this guantity of water,
Delhi has to get under the MOU,
between March to June.
We make it clear that this
order is as an interim measure till
the time the members of the Board
and the Review Committee are
appointed and they become
functional. As soon as the Board
becomes functional, it will be at
liberty to pass any direction in
the light of this order as they
deem fit and in accordance with the
Memorandum of Understanding in the
interest of all the States which
are signatories to the Memorandum
of Understanding.
List this writ petition and
I.A. No.6 be listed on May 5, 1995
at 2.00 p.m. to review the
situation arising out of our
order". 6. The averment in these two contempt petitions, one of which is by the Delhi Water Supply and Sewage Disposal Undertaking inf the other by Commodore Sinha, is that the aforesaid order was willfully violated by the contemners. The grievance being common, they were heard together and are being disposed of by this common order. 7. The contemners agree that no water at all was released pursuant to the above order. Their shocking stand is that under the MOU, Delhi was not to get any extra water beyond what it was getting before March 31, 1995. We are piqued at this statement inasmuch as the order of 13th March would then case to have any meaning an exercise in futility. Shri Jaitley appearing for the Water Supply Undertaking would not agree to this stand. The learned Solicitor General, who was requested to assist us in these proceedings, ultimately stated that the stand of Haryana way not be correct, though the learned Solicitor was initially of the view that perhaps under the MOU Delhi was not entitled to any extra water. 8. If the stand of Haryana regarding the MOU, as advanced in these proceedings by the learned Advocate General, be correct, we have no doubt that the State had mislead the Court when the order of 31st March was passed. It thwarted the passing of an appropriate order which we would have passed but for the understanding given to us on March 31, 1995 by Haryana. With summer months ahead, we would have called upon Haryana to allow the required quantity of water to pass through the Tajewala Head as we would have thought necessary. The volte-face by Haryana has undoubtedly to be viewed seriously and it deserves to be disapproved strongly. We would have indeed found the concerned persons guilty of contempt for misleading the Court and preventing it from passing such order as thought just and proper by it, inasmuch as the course of administration of justice definitely got deflected because of the twists in the stand of the State. 9. Despite the aforesaid being the position, we are refraining from using our contempt jurisdiction inasmuch as the learned Advocate General has assured that Haryana would see that Delhi gets as much of water which it is presently receiving through-Jamuna, if so directed by us. It is because of this statement that Shri Jaitley submitted that the Water Supply Undertaking is not keen to pursue the contempt proceeding. Commodore Sinha too has taken the same stand. It is this gesture, along with the statement made by the learned Advocate-General, which has led us to close this proceeding, despite the highly objectionable conduct of the concerned persons. 10. So far as water supply from river Jamuna to Delhi is concerned, we order and direct that Delhi shall continue to get as much water for domestic use from Haryana through river Jamuna which can be consumed and filled in the two water reservoirs and treatment plants at Wazirabad and Hyderpur. Both the Wazirabad and Hyderpur reservoirs shall remain full to their capacity from the water supplied by Haryana through river Jamuna. We direct the State of Haryana through all its officers who are party to these proceedings and who have filed affidavits before us not to obstruct the supply of water to Delhi as directed by us at any time. This order of ours is not dependent on the MOU mentioned above or any other proceedings which may be initiated under any other law between the parties. 11. We, therefore, close the proceeding by requiring Haryana to make available the aforesaid quantity of water to Delhi throughout the year. Let it be made clear that any violation of this direction would be viewed seriously and the guilty persons would be dealt with appropriately. This order of ours would bind, not only the parties to this proceeding, but also the Upper Jamuna River Board.